ABSTRACT The attention of contemporary planners to environmental factors and increasing awareness and communication of man with his surrounding environment has increased the layers and defining factors of design and planning concepts. In such a way, a common problem with the issue of environmental capabilities to respond was put in front of the planners. The collection of ideas presented in this era was in the form of responsive planning, focusing on the maximum use of environmental capabilities. The necessity of the emergence of a comprehensive discourse to overcome the plurality of factors, definitions and design methods in the environmental fields has been given less attention. Based on this, the current research aims to organize the leading theories in this field in a targeted manner and seeks to improve them based on their synergy. The structural question of this research is the meanings, examples and meaningful contexts of flexibility in various aspects and scales of urban planning. The research method used is qualitative thematic analysis with the help of artificial intelligence in MAXQDA software in a 6-step processing process. The important application of this research is to structure the minds of the planners of this field to reduce the scattered and interdisciplinary problems of the resources. The results of this research revealed dimensions such as identification and recognizability, diversity and changeability, adaptability and expandability, distribution, separation and continuity, organization and compatibility in the field of flexibility and related to the corresponding parts in urban planning   Extended Abstract Introduction Responsiveness-based design and planning emphasizing the maximum use of environmental capacities to meet users' needs implicitly cause a targeted improvement of environmental quality. As the environmental awareness of contemporary man has expanded and the platforms have become more diverse, many challenges are raised in the field of environment-oriented in the field of infrastructure quality and service provision. Urban developments and new developments in cities should be interpreted with integrated conceptualization. The conceptualization of interpretive flexibility in the planning and designing of public spaces in the city is used as an interdisciplinary perspective in urban space design to open and discuss its connection and potential as an approach to strengthening social cohesion and inclusion. The general definition of flexibility is that it can create places with new forms of meaning and be used for different groups to strengthen its coherence and multidisciplinary inclusion in terms of design and planning of space and body. On this basis, the concept of flexibility is proposed as a principle in the context of design and planning due to its wide range of effects on background phenomena. The history of such a role can be seen in the diversity of users' needs. In such a way, it is impossible to express the specific time and area of the need to pay attention to this concept. This is in line with Oldenburg's theory of "social public spaces," in which being in public space, communicating with people and the environment through observing the streets, sidewalks, squares, and parks of the city is a necessary step for people as a part of their social life. The meaningfulness of the design of the artificial environment was considered. In any case, in the contemporary era, on the one hand, at the same time as the quantitative and qualitative increase of human environmental awareness, there is no longer any phenomenon in the eyes of contemporary man arising from a unique aspect and range of factors. On the other hand, his life needs in the individual and collective dimensions have seen a high diversity, which has led to the formation of multiple semantic domains of past flexibility. The meaning of flexibility in such an interdisciplinary platform and basic design refers to the concept of understanding and responding quickly and efficiently to environmental changes. Such a holistic definition for this broad field of environmental design means the implicit acceptance of the role of scale in the meaningful domain of these concepts. On a macro scale, it means making design options to increase the presence, participation, and power of choices of users of the environment in participatory urban planning and design methods, and on a small scale, it means making design options to increase spatial quality and, as a result, the quality of activities. The daily activities of environmental users are through selection against the "dominant space." Flexibility at different scales is crucial for dimensional optimization, shaping, and structuring spatial features, leading to improved performance of space components and spaces. The development of the concept of "flexibility" from various studies in metropolitan to micro scales, such as interior architecture, allows it to pass the discourse of responsiveness to provide a broad approach to environmental design in which different values, interests, and priorities are prioritized. As a result, the issue of flexibility in environmental design has been raised as a multi-dimensional field in the design and planning of the basic environment. The breadth and complexity of this concept have made the researchers of this field deal with it in one or more ways, and it has been avoided to provide a comprehensive framework about the nature and structuring processes. The current research presents a structured view of flexibility in architecture and urban planning with an environmental approach.   Methodology The methodology to achieve this goal is to use the macro research method and achieve a comprehensive framework by combining categorized interpretations. In such a way that by sorting and categorizing these concepts and bases in a new way, he has found a new level of theoretical findings, which will be a suitable answer for the gaps in scientific knowledge and scientific methods created in this field. In this context, the research method "thematic analysis" has been used with a qualitative approach and the use of library resources. Also, to overcome the breadth and complexity of these concepts and the multi-layer networking of concepts in this research method, artificial intelligence has been used in MAXQDA research assistance software.   Results and discussion In the meantime, attention should also be paid to the fields of influence and application of the results of this research because designers refer to flexibility as the creator of environmental qualities, including dynamism. Also, since flexibility, along with the principles of readability and adaptability, affect the lifestyle and behavioral patterns of the audience of environmental design in architecture and urban planning, it will also be effective in dealing with the challenge of complexity in environmental design factors. One of the key questions for achieving research goals on this issue is how flexibility in environmental design impacts the relationship between flexibility and scale.   Conclusion The most important finding of this research suggests that first, it requires a focus on the conditions under which the processes of perceiving human abilities and discovering the needs of the human audience can manifest. The theoretical framework arises from a comparative approach between design disciplines. These conditions are independent of the final state of the design product, and strengthening the environmental capacities will lead to a direction and an area that includes environmental flexibility. By responding to new situations, the construction of the space and the body within a space building can be adapted to various configurations. Even though the environment may remain constant, the designed place will continue functioning as a strong living system over time.  It also seems that the nature of issues related to flexibility has complexity. Considering that the quality of flexibility in urban planning and architecture is significant in multilevel and multifaceted scales from micro to macro, it is important to pay attention to the scale of different variables. In order to reduce this problem, the consistency and adjustment of the scale of the variables measured in a specific analysis should be considered in the first step.   Funding There is no funding support.   Authors’ Contribution All of the authors approved the content of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work.   Conflict of Interest Authors declared no conflict of interest.   Acknowledgments We are grateful to all the scientific.

The method of metaphysics: Metaphysics is empirical but depends not, like the sciences, on recondite experience but on close attention to aspects of everyday experience we ordinarily scarcely notice. "Real" is a broader concept than "exists" (which applies only to particulars) and also applies to phenomena, kinds, and laws, which are real, but not, of course, existent entities. But "there are real kinds, laws, etc." doesn't imply that all the kinds and laws we believe are real, are. I call my approach "Innocent Realism" because--though it's certainly not naive--it requires attending to experience, so far as possible, without substantial preconceptions. There is one real world, enormously varied but also integrated. It includes physical stuff, kinds, laws, etc. and, here on earth, a vast array of human artifacts, physical, social, intellectual, and imaginative, all intimately interconnected. All this requires human mindedness (a better word than "mind" because it doesn't suggest that human mentality is an organ like the heart or the liver). Rather, it's a complex congeries of dispositions and abilities: to understand even such a relatively simple thing as what's involved in someone's believing something, we need to take account of the person's dispositions to behavior, verbal and otherwise; to the neurophysiological realizations of these dispositions; and to their connections to the world and to words in the person's linguistic community--this last requiring other people's words-world connection. "Virtual" reality is just one more computer artifact, clever, no doubt, but not metaphysically startling. It's oversold, but this is advertising hype, not serious metaphysics.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of augmented reality technology based environmental literacy training program on the knowledge, attitude and behavior of high school students. The population of this study consisted of all high school students of Tehran who were studying in the year 1396-97. The sample was selected by non-random sampling method and divided into two groups of 20 (experimental and control groups). The research method was quasi-experimental (pretest-posttest with control group). First, the environmental literacy test was used as a pre-test. Then the mobile tools were provided to the experimental group to perform augmented reality, and control group were presented in the traditional environment. After completing the teaching process in both groups, the environmental literacy questionnaire was used again, and its results were compared. Covariance analysis and multivariate analysis of variance were used for data analysis. The results showed that environmental literacy education based on augmented reality technology had a positive effect on the knowledge, attitude and environmental behavior of high school students and it can be used as a useful tool in education.

One’ s cognitive perception of the environs is in direct relationship with their subjective mental image of the surroundings. Various elements influence the perception and legibility of the environment before human mind. Among these elements are the light and color of the environs. The question is which light or color spectrum is capable of heightening the legibility and spatial perception of the given environment for users. Considering that, the aim of the present study is first to examine the effect of lights and colors on the legibility rate of interior spaces, and then, to identify the reasons users have chosen them. To this end, authors have used augmented reality technology to simulate a variety of environments based on different light and color parameters. A group of 120 students from the Faculty of Art and Architecture of Islamic Azad University, West Tehran Branch, collaborated with the authors to carry out the study. For the purpose of the experiment, the interior of the faculty building was simulated using 3D software and was put through experience and evaluation by using augmented reality technology. Eventually, the students were asked to select those environments they deemed as featuring more perception and legibility than others. The participants’ spatial perception was tested by assigning the type of the environment as the dependent variable. Color, light, and gender were examined as the independent variables. Chi-square test was used to determine the difference between the frequencies of the environments selected by the participants. Results showed that neutral color was more attractive than the other two color spaces. There was no significant difference between three color spaces in terms of guidance and invitation. Generally, the participants preferred neutral color over the other two colors. In other words, neutral color was better perceived than the other two because of its greater attractiveness.

In this study, weather conditions such as air humidity, temperature air, and wind speed were investigated in relation to wind turbine efficiency with the approach of an exergy study. In this study, the wind speed has been investigated in two different climatic regions of Iran with an approximate distance of 1200 km, in the names of Ardabil and Marvast. The amount of wind density of Ardabil is equal to 66 (kW/m2) and Marvast is equal to 123 (kW/m2). Power production using a 10 (Kw) wind turbine in the Ardabil region is 2.3 (MWh) and in the Marvast region is 3.2 (MWh) per year. The highest wind turbine exergy efficiency is 0.48 in the Ardabil region, and the highest exergy efficiency in the Marvast region is 0.18. The amount of reduction of CO2 gas production, using wind turbines in comparison to gas and diesel power plants in Ardabil, are 1.1 and 2.1 tons and in Marvast are 1.5 and 2.9 tons per year. This reduction in CO2 greenhouse gas per year is equal to using a forest region of 1000 (m2) to 3000 (m2). The use of wind turbines reduces the fuel consumption of diesel power plants in the Ardabil region for the amount of 797.4 liters and in the Marvast region for the amount of 1244 liters of diesel per year. According to this review, it can be concluded that in addition to wind speed, air humidity plays a significant role in the selection, installation, and commissioning of wind turbines in the region. According to this survey, it can be seen that in the Ardabil region, the wind speed of the wind turbine has a higher exergy efficiency than in the Marvast region, and it can be concluded that the wind turbine has performed better in the Ardabil region.

The technology of virtual reality provides the user by an environment so that he can exercise new experience of presence in the environment by simulation of direct perception. This technology was introduced as an amusement tool into the digital world for the first time. Display monitor of this technology does not result from a simple phenomenon, but it is a monitor equipped with some sensors that operate as tracking devices and send some data about the location of user and also the direction of user’ s vision to computer. Individuals experience virtual environments with respect to potentials of platform or hardware, with different appearances. The hardware of virtual environment could be a simple object i. e. a mobile phone and a pair of virtual reality eyeglasses; and or it could be a complex one including cloth-wearing equipment and computer that enables the user to move in thephysical environment. Nowadays, most immersion process in virtual environments is mainly focused on using Head Mounted Display (HMD) that is well-known as virtual reality eyeglasses in the market. A pair of virtual reality eyeglasses include a hood or headwear composing of LCD monitor that places at the front of eyes to present the user a stereoscopic view, produced by computer. The stereoscopic view is related to a process in which two photos are taken from the same object with a slight difference in viewpoint; and then they are seen together which provides an image with depth and stability of the environment The environmental perception is deemed as one of the key topics concerning human-environment relationship at macro and micro levels; and with respect to ever-increasing development for using virtual reality technology, review of addressee's perception by this technology might be vitally important in improving the use of this technology in various sciences and particularly in the architectural field. Accordingly, the present research aims to analyze the potential for environmental perception in virtual reality system by comparative analysis and on environmental perception both directly and through utilization of technology of virtual reality, and also based on the assessment of visual perception components in a process. The methodology of this study is of the empirical-surveying type so that the addressee’ s have looked at space and surveyed it by direct technique and wearing of virtual reality eyeglasses at a time. Given the specialized nature of this investigation for analysis of virtual reality elements, the statistical population of this study was selected from students of architectural disciplines. The reliability of the questionnaire was confirmed according to Cronbach alpha coefficient and content validity was also approved by the comments of experts. Finally, based research variables, and according to various levels and dimensions of conception, two comparative models were conceptualized among direct visual perception and visual perception through the technology of virtual reality and also were explained based on surveying data by LISREL software. The findings derived from these two models might indicate the strong and weak points of visual perception through the technology of virtual reality versus direct visual perception at different dimensions and levels.